1980-1992: Understanding and learning

What started off as a condition linked to gay communities in several cities around the world turned very quickly into a global epidemic that was affecting everyone and anyone – HIV and AIDS did not discriminate. Scaremongering and fear laid the foundations for stigma and discrimination around HIV that has remained to the present day.

With the spread of the disease uncontained and the number of people dying rising rapidly through the tens and hundreds of thousands, scientists and communities most affected scrambled to understand this deadly disease. It was in this time that HIV was found to cause AIDS, and all the main routes of transmission were identified.

Treatments were piloted and approved with unprecedented speed - a reflection of the shared sense of urgency - but the majority of those affected (particularly those in the developing world) did not have access to treatment and even those who did had a high chance of losing their battle with the illness.

Treatment trial breakthrough

Clinical trial ACTG019 shows that treatment with AZT (zidovudine) can delay the onset of AIDS.

More than 70,000 AIDS cases

More than 70,000 AIDS cases have been reported to the WHO, with an estimated five to 10 million people infected worldwide.

Western Blot

FDA approves the Western blot blood test – a more specific test for HIV.

TASO and home-based care

Ugandan AIDS organisation TASO established – a pioneer in home-based care.

First WHO breastfeeding guidelines

The WHO publishes the first official global guidelines on breastfeeding and HIV risk.

'And the Band Played On' is released

Seminal book 'And the Band Played on: Politics, People and the AIDS epidemic', by San Francisco journalist Randy Shilts, is published.

'Patient Zero'

'Patient Zero' is widely publicised by the media as the source of the AIDS epidemic in the USA.

New HIV classification

US revises HIV classification system and AIDS-defining illnesses.

Ryan White dies

Ryan White – the ‘child face of AIDS’ in the USA who provoked a worldwide movement of compassion for people living with HIV – dies aged 18.

Chris Hani, ANC

“Existing statistics indicate that we are still at the beginning of the AIDS epidemic in our country. Unattended, however, this will result in untold damage and suffering by the end of the century.”

- Chris Hani, then-leader of the African National Congress in South Africa

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